119th Congress · introduced in the Senate · Jan 15, 2025
Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025
Official title from Congress.gov
Latest action (May 11, 2026): Became Public Law No: 119-89.
View on Congress.govPolicy area: Science, Technology, Communications
Congressional Research Service summary, version: Public Law (May 11, 2026) · 2 versions published
Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025
This act requires the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to vet the qualifications of applicants for certain funding programs that support affordable broadband deployment in high-cost areas (e.g., rural communities).
Specifically, the FCC must develop a vetting process for applicants seeking funding under high-cost universal service programs for the deployment of a broadband-capable network and the provision of supported services over the network. The FCC must require applicants to submit a proposal that contains sufficient detail and documentation for the FCC to ascertain that the applicant possesses the technical, financial, and operational capabilities related to the proposed deployment and has a reasonable business plan. The FCC must evaluate applications against reasonable and well-established standards and must consider each applicant’s history of compliance with the requirements of other government broadband funding programs.
The FCC must establish this vetting process through a rulemaking proceeding. After the rule is finalized, funds may only be awarded to applicants that satisfy the standards established therein.
Finally, the FCC must set financial penalties for applicants that default in some manner during the evaluation process before they are authorized to begin receiving support.
Includes amendment, cloture, and procedural votes. Each is labeled with its exact question; only a passage question is a vote to pass the bill.
No recorded roll calls on this bill in coverage.
Became Public Law No: 119-89.
Became Public Law No: 119-89.
Signed by President.
Signed by President.
Presented to President.
Presented to President.
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by voice vote. (text: CR H2977)
Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by voice vote. (text: CR H2977)
DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on S. 98.
Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H2976-2978)
Mr. Allen moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill.
Held at the desk.
Received in the House.
Message on Senate action sent to the House.
Passed Senate without amendment by Voice Vote. (consideration: CR S3570; text: CR S3570)
Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate without amendment by Voice Vote.
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 48.
Internet, web applications, social media · Rural conditions and development · Telephone and wireless communication
LD-2 reports whose issue descriptions explicitly cite this bill (bill type and number validated against Congress.gov records). A citation does not establish the client's position or any contact with a member.
Loading lobbying reportsCommittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Reported by Senator Cruz without amendment. With written report No. 119-14.
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Reported by Senator Cruz without amendment. With written report No. 119-14.
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Ordered to be reported without amendment favorably.
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
Introduced in Senate
Actions from Congress.gov, newest first.
Coverage: reports for 2025 onward, posted Jan 1, 2025 through Oct 23, 2026.
46 citations; showing the 25 most recently posted.
VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES · lobbying firm or registrant: VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$2,820,000
Spent on own lobbying
…f 2026; all provisions H.R. 10695: United States Submarine Cable Security Policy Act of 2026; all provisions H.R. 10705: Stop SIM Box Scams Act; all provisions S. 98: Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025; all provisions S. 792: Government Spectrum Valuation Act; all provisions S. 836: The Children and Teens' Online Privac…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
COMPETITIVE CARRIERS ASSOCIATION · lobbying firm or registrant: COMPETITIVE CARRIERS ASSOCIATION
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$160,000
Spent on own lobbying
…Program". - Issues relating to the USF S. 28/H.R. 859, Informing Consumers about Smart Devices Act - Issues relating to Consumer Concerns and Network Security S. 98/H.R. 2399, Rural Broadband Protection Act - Issues relating to the USF S. 244/H.R. 866, ROUTERS Act - Issues relating to Consumer Concerns and Network Security…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
UNITED STATES TELECOM ASSN · lobbying firm or registrant: UNITED STATES TELECOM ASSN
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 19, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$610,000
Spent on own lobbying
…hnologies to Ensure Reliability and Security (ROUTERS) Act 2025 S.1651 - Lowering Broadband Costs for Consumers Act of 2025 S.323 - PLAN for Broadband Act 2025 S.98 - Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025 Issues related to Section 224 of the Communications Act (House and Senate). Issues related to net neutrality (House an…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
WTA -- ADVOCATES FOR RURAL BROADBAND · lobbying firm or registrant: WTA -- ADVOCATES FOR RURAL BROADBAND
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 16, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$130,000
Spent on own lobbying
…20/S.3565, Success for BEAD Act S. 323, Plan for Broadband Act H.R. 1766, NTIA Policy and Cybersecurity Coordination Act H.R. 1717, Communications Security Act S. 98, Rural Broadband Protection Act The Network Equipment Transparency (NET) Act H.R. 2298, Reducing Barriers for Broadband on Federal Lands Act S. 244 -- Routers…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES · lobbying firm or registrant: MERCURY STRATEGIES, LLC
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Aug 4, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$20,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…(all provisions); H.R. 1681 - Expediting Federal Broadband Deployment Reviews Act (all provisions); H.R. 1870 - SPEED for BEAD Act (all provisions); H.R. 2399/S. 98 - Rural Broadband Protection Act (all provisions); H.R. 2449 - FUTURE Networks Act (all provisions); H.R. 2482 - NTIA Reauthorization Act of 2025 (all provisio…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES · lobbying firm or registrant: VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$3,050,000
Spent on own lobbying
…ct; all provisions H.R. 8516: American Leadership in AI Act; all provisions H.R. 9151: Advancing American Wi-Fi Against Foreign Adversaries Act; all provisions S. 98: Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025; all provisions S. 792: Government Spectrum Valuation Act; all provisions S. 836: The Children and Teens' Online Privac…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
WTA -- ADVOCATES FOR RURAL BROADBAND · lobbying firm or registrant: WTA -- ADVOCATES FOR RURAL BROADBAND
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$130,000
Spent on own lobbying
…20/S.3565, Success for BEAD Act S. 323, Plan for Broadband Act H.R. 1766, NTIA Policy and Cybersecurity Coordination Act H.R. 1717, Communications Security Act S. 98, Rural Broadband Protection Act The Network Equipment Transparency (NET) Act H.R. 2298, Reducing Barriers for Broadband on Federal Lands Act S. 244 -- Routers…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
COMPETITIVE CARRIERS ASSOCIATION · lobbying firm or registrant: COMPETITIVE CARRIERS ASSOCIATION
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$170,000
Spent on own lobbying
…Program". - Issues relating to the USF S. 28/H.R. 859, Informing Consumers about Smart Devices Act - Issues relating to Consumer Concerns and Network Security S. 98/H.R. 2399, Rural Broadband Protection Act - Issues relating to the USF S. 244/H.R. 866, ROUTERS Act - Issues relating to Consumer Concerns and Network Security…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
COX ENTERPRISES INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: COX ENTERPRISES INC.
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$750,000
Spent on own lobbying
…ttachments and federal broadband programs at NTIA and USDA; Issues related to Universal Service Fund; H.R. 1579/S. 713 - Broadband Buildout Accountability Act; S. 98 - Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025; H.R. 1766/S. 2049 - NTIA Policy and Cybersecurity Coordination Act; H.R. 1870 - Streamlining Program Efficiency and E…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
UNITED STATES TELECOM ASSN · lobbying firm or registrant: UNITED STATES TELECOM ASSN
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 17, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$620,000
Spent on own lobbying
…hnologies to Ensure Reliability and Security (ROUTERS) Act 2025 S.1651 - Lowering Broadband Costs for Consumers Act of 2025 S.323 - PLAN for Broadband Act 2025 S.98 - Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025 Issues related to Section 224 of the Communications Act (House and Senate). Issues related to net neutrality (House an…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION · lobbying firm or registrant: NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 17, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$280,000
Spent on own lobbying
…ave far different economies of scale and competitive opportunities than larger carriers. During the reporting period, the association focused on the following: S. 98 - Rural Broadband Protection Act - all sections. S. 674 - Broadband Grant Tax Treatment Act - all sections. S. 1651 - Lowering Broadband Costs for Consumers Ac…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES · lobbying firm or registrant: MERCURY STRATEGIES, LLC
2026 Q1 report (Jan 1, 2026 – Mar 31, 2026) · posted Apr 21, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$20,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…c Safety Communications Act (all provisions); H.R. 1665 - DIGITAL Applications Act (all provisions); H.R. 1870 - SPEED for BEAD Act (all provisions); H.R. 2399/S. 98 - Rural Broadband Protection Act (all provisions); H.R. 2449 - FUTURE Networks Act (all provisions); H.R. 2482 - NTIA Reauthorization Act of 2025 (all provisio…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES · lobbying firm or registrant: VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES
2026 Q1 report (Jan 1, 2026 – Mar 31, 2026) · posted Apr 21, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$3,400,000
Spent on own lobbying
…; all provisions H.R. 7294: AI for Secure Networks Act; all provisions H.R. 7386: First Responder Network Authority Reauthorization Act of 2026; all provisions S. 98: Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025; all provisions S. 792: Government Spectrum Valuation Act; all provisions S. 836: The Children and Teens' Online Privac…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
WTA -- ADVOCATES FOR RURAL BROADBAND · lobbying firm or registrant: WTA -- ADVOCATES FOR RURAL BROADBAND
2026 Q1 report (Jan 1, 2026 – Mar 31, 2026) · posted Apr 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$120,000
Spent on own lobbying
…20/S.3565, Success for BEAD Act S. 323, Plan for Broadband Act H.R. 1766, NTIA Policy and Cybersecurity Coordination Act H.R. 1717, Communications Security Act S. 98, Rural Broadband Protection Act The Network Equipment Transparency (NET) Act H.R. 2298, Reducing Barriers for Broadband on Federal Lands Act S. 244 -- Routers…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
COX ENTERPRISES INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: COX ENTERPRISES INC.
2026 Q1 report (Jan 1, 2026 – Mar 31, 2026) · posted Apr 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$810,000
Spent on own lobbying
…ttachments and federal broadband programs at NTIA and USDA; Issues related to Universal Service Fund; H.R. 1579/S. 713 - Broadband Buildout Accountability Act; S. 98 - Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025; H.R. 1766/S. 2049 - NTIA Policy and Cybersecurity Coordination Act; H.R. 1870 - Streamlining Program Efficiency and E…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
UNITED STATES TELECOM ASSN · lobbying firm or registrant: UNITED STATES TELECOM ASSN
2026 Q1 report (Jan 1, 2026 – Mar 31, 2026) · posted Apr 19, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$610,000
Spent on own lobbying
…hnologies to Ensure Reliability and Security (ROUTERS) Act 2025 S.1651 - Lowering Broadband Costs for Consumers Act of 2025 S.323 - PLAN for Broadband Act 2025 S.98 - Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025 Issues related to Section 224 of the Communications Act (House and Senate). Issues related to net neutrality (House an…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
COMPETITIVE CARRIERS ASSOCIATION · lobbying firm or registrant: COMPETITIVE CARRIERS ASSOCIATION
2026 Q1 report (Jan 1, 2026 – Mar 31, 2026) · posted Apr 10, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$150,000
Spent on own lobbying
…Program". - Issues relating to the USF S. 28/H.R. 859, Informing Consumers about Smart Devices Act - Issues relating to Consumer Concerns and Network Security S. 98/H.R. 2399, Rural Broadband Protection Act - Issues relating to the USF S. 244/H.R. 866, ROUTERS Act - Issues relating to Consumer Concerns and Network Security…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES · lobbying firm or registrant: MERCURY STRATEGIES, LLC
2025 Q4 report (Oct 1, 2025 – Dec 31, 2025) · posted Jan 21, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$20,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…-Digital Piracy Act of 2025 (all provisions); H.R. 1665 - DIGITAL Applications Act (all provisions); H.R. 1870 - SPEED for BEAD Act (all provisions); H.R. 2399/S. 98 - Rural Broadband Protection Act (all provisions); H.R. 2449 - FUTURE Networks Act (all provisions); H.R. 2482 - NTIA Reauthorization Act of 2025 (all provisio…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES · lobbying firm or registrant: VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES
2025 Q4 report (Oct 1, 2025 – Dec 31, 2025) · posted Jan 21, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$3,350,000
Spent on own lobbying
…he Welfare of Infrastructure and Government Act; provisions and amendments related to telecommunications H.R. 6333 - Parents Over Platforms Act; all provisions S. 98: Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025; all provisions S. 146: Take It Down Act; all provisions S. 792: Government Spectrum Valuation Act; all provisions S. 8…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
T-MOBILE USA, INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: T-MOBILE USA, INC.
2025 Q4 report (Oct 1, 2025 – Dec 31, 2025) · posted Jan 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$2,684,000
Spent on own lobbying
…to cybersecurity, 5G development and deployment, supply chain security, spectrum policy and federal contractors H.R. 3430 - Spectrum Relocation Enhancement Act S. 98: Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025; all provisions S. 146: Take It Down Act; all provisions H.R. 682 , S. 1648 - Launch Communications Act HR 3361 Improvi…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
COMPETITIVE CARRIERS ASSOCIATION · lobbying firm or registrant: COMPETITIVE CARRIERS ASSOCIATION
2025 Q4 report (Oct 1, 2025 – Dec 31, 2025) · posted Jan 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$150,000
Spent on own lobbying
…Program". - Issues relating to the USF S. 28/H.R. 859, Informing Consumers about Smart Devices Act - Issues relating to Consumer Concerns and Network Security S. 98/H.R. 2399, Rural Broadband Protection Act - Issues relating to the USF S. 244/H.R. 866, ROUTERS Act - Issues relating to Consumer Concerns and Network Security…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
COX ENTERPRISES INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: COX ENTERPRISES INC.
2025 Q4 report (Oct 1, 2025 – Dec 31, 2025) · posted Jan 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$570,000
Spent on own lobbying
…ttachments and federal broadband programs at NTIA and USDA; Issues related to Universal Service Fund; H.R. 1579/S. 713 - Broadband Buildout Accountability Act; S. 98 - Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025; H.R. 1766/S. 2049 - NTIA Policy and Cybersecurity Coordination Act; H.R. 1870 - Streamlining Program Efficiency and E…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
WTA -- ADVOCATES FOR RURAL BROADBAND · lobbying firm or registrant: WTA -- ADVOCATES FOR RURAL BROADBAND
2025 Q4 report (Oct 1, 2025 – Dec 31, 2025) · posted Jan 16, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$95,000
Spent on own lobbying
…H.R. 6920, Success for BEAD Act S. 323, Plan for Broadband Act H.R. 1766, NTIA Policy and Cybersecurity Coordination Act H.R. 1717, Communications Security Act S. 98, Rural Broadband Protection Act The Network Equipment Transparency (NET) Act H.R. 2298, Reducing Barriers for Broadband on Federal Lands Act S. 244 -- Routers…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
UNITED STATES TELECOM ASSN · lobbying firm or registrant: UNITED STATES TELECOM ASSN
2025 Q4 report (Oct 1, 2025 – Dec 31, 2025) · posted Jan 15, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$720,000
Spent on own lobbying
…hnologies to Ensure Reliability and Security (ROUTERS) Act 2025 S.1651 - Lowering Broadband Costs for Consumers Act of 2025 S.323 - PLAN for Broadband Act 2025 S.98 - Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025 S.1337- Cybersecurity Information Sharing Extension Act 2025 Issues related to Section 224 of the Communications Act (…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES · lobbying firm or registrant: MERCURY STRATEGIES, LLC
2025 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2025 – Sep 30, 2025) · posted Oct 28, 2025 · issue area: Telecommunications
$20,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…-Digital Piracy Act of 2025 (all provisions); H.R. 1665 - DIGITAL Applications Act (all provisions); H.R. 1870 - SPEED for BEAD Act (all provisions); H.R. 2399/S. 98 - Rural Broadband Protection Act (all provisions); H.R. 2449 - FUTURE Networks Act (all provisions); H.R. 2482 - NTIA Reauthorization Act of 2025 (all provisio…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing