119th Congress · introduced in the Senate · May 20, 2026
NO FAKES Act of 2026
Official title from Congress.gov
Latest action (Jun 24, 2026): Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 446.
View on Congress.govPolicy area: Commerce
Congressional Research Service summary, version: Reported to Senate (Jun 24, 2026)
Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe Act of 2026 or the NO FAKES Act of 2026
This bill creates a federal intellectual property right to protect individuals from unauthorized digital replicas (e.g., digital content made using generative artificial intelligence) of their voice and visual likeness.
Specifically, the bill gives each individual or right holder the right to authorize (1) the use of a digital replica embodying the individual's voice or visual likeness, or (2) the use of the individual's voice or visual likeness for a product or service requiring authorization to avoid liability under the bill. This property right is not assignable during the individual’s lifetime but is licensable and does not expire upon the death of the individual.
Generally, any individual or entity that engages in specified prohibited activities (e.g., distributing a digital replica without authorization) shall be liable in a civil action and subject to related penalties. The bill exempts specified uses from liability, such as categories of conduct likely to involve protected speech under the First Amendment (e.g., news reporting, sports broadcasts, and satire).
The bill establishes (1) a notice-and-takedown process for unauthorized digital replicas; and (2) a counter-notification process, which allows an individual to contest the removal of a digital replica. The bill establishes penalties related to false or deceptive notice or counter-notice.
The bill expressly preempts state laws related to digital replicas except for causes of action under state statutes or common law in existence as of January 2, 2025.
Includes amendment, cloture, and procedural votes. Each is labeled with its exact question; only a passage question is a vote to pass the bill.
No recorded roll calls on this bill in coverage.
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 446.
Committee on the Judiciary. Reported by Senator Grassley with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.
Committee on the Judiciary. Reported by Senator Grassley with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.
Committee on the Judiciary. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.
Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Introduced in Senate
Actions from Congress.gov, newest first.
Administrative law and regulatory procedures · Administrative remedies · Art, artists, authorship · Civil actions and liability · Computers and information technology · Department of Commerce · Digital media · Federal preemption · Intellectual property · Internet, web applications, social media · Music · Photography and imaging · Sound recording
LD-2 reports whose issue descriptions explicitly cite this bill (bill type and number validated against Congress.gov records). A citation does not establish the client's position or any contact with a member.
Loading lobbying reportsCoverage: reports for 2025 onward, posted Jan 1, 2025 through Oct 23, 2026.
64 citations; showing the 25 most recently posted.
RECORDING ACADEMY · lobbying firm or registrant: RECORDING ACADEMY (FKA NATIONAL ACADEMY OF RECORDING ARTS AND SCIENCES)
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 21, 2026 · issue area: Copyright/Patent/Trademark
$120,778
Spent on own lobbying
Support of H.R.861/ S.326 the American Music Fairness Act Support of H.R.8915/ S.4591 the Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe (NO FAKES) Act Support of H.R.7209/S.2455 the Transparency and Responsibility for Artificial Int…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
SPOTIFY USA INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: KEELEY LAW AND POLICY
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 21, 2026 · issue area: Copyright/Patent/Trademark
$30,000
Paid to lobbying firm
Public policy issues related to the administration of mechanical licenses under the Music Modernization Act (P.L. 115-264) S. 1367 / S. 4591 / H.R. 2794 NO FAKES Act
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM · lobbying firm or registrant: ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 21, 2026 · issue area: Civil Rights/Civil Liberties
$60,000
Spent on own lobbying
…tion of attorneys fees in certain civil actions, all provisions. S.4749, JAWBONE Act, to create a federal cause of action to address jawboning, all provisions. S.4591, NO FAKES Act, protecting intellectual property rights in the voice and visual likeness of individuals, and for other purposes, provisions related to constitut…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES · lobbying firm or registrant: VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$2,820,000
Spent on own lobbying
…Accelerating Broadband Permits Act of 2026; all provisions S. 4557: The Outage Refund Guarantee Act; all provisions S. 4561: CLOSE the GAP Act; all provisions S. 4591: NO FAKES Act of 2026; provisions related to Internet Service Providers S. 4728: Combat Emerging Threats to Critical Infrastructure Act of 2026; all provisions…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
SOFTWARE & INFORMATION INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION · lobbying firm or registrant: SIIA
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Computer Industry
$1,424,847
Spent on own lobbying
…on, including H.R.9925 - FRONTIER Act; H.R. 2385 - CREATE AI Act; S.5105 / H.R.9914 - Collaboration on Adversarial Threats and Security Risks Act; H.R.2794 and S. 4591 - NO FAKES Act; S.2615 - VET AI Act; S.3957 / H.R. 5351 - NSF AI Education Act; S.3952 - Future of AI Innovation Act; S.5252 - BLADE Act, as well as proposals…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
SOFTWARE & INFORMATION INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION · lobbying firm or registrant: SIIA
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Science/Technology
$1,424,847
Spent on own lobbying
…on, including H.R.9925 - FRONTIER Act; H.R. 2385 - CREATE AI Act; S.5105 / H.R.9914 - Collaboration on Adversarial Threats and Security Risks Act; H.R.2794 and S. 4591 - NO FAKES Act; S.2615 - VET AI Act; S.3957 / H.R. 5351 - NSF AI Education Act; S.3952 - Future of AI Innovation Act; S.5252 - BLADE Act, as well as proposals…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
MOTION PICTURE ASSOCIATION INC · lobbying firm or registrant: MOTION PICTURE ASSOCIATION, INC.
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Torts
$610,000
Spent on own lobbying
Right of Publicity Deepfakes-related policy NIL and digital replica policy S. 4591, NO FAKES Act of 2026
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
GETTY IMAGES INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: NVG, LLC
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Copyright/Patent/Trademark
$20,000
Paid to lobbying firm
Copyright issues related to generative AI. Issues related to data provenance. H.R.2794/S.1367/S.4591 - NO FAKES Act. S.2455 - TRAIN Act.
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
COMCAST CORPORATION · lobbying firm or registrant: NVG, LLC
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Copyright/Patent/Trademark
$30,000
Paid to lobbying firm
Issues related to copyright and content protection. Issues related to generative artificial intelligence. S.4591 - NO FAKES Act of 2026. H.R.10575 - Deterring Extraterritorial Foreign Exploitation of Networks Damaging Intellectual Property (DEFEND IP) Act of 2026. H.R.103…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP · lobbying firm or registrant: UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Arts/Entertainment
$600,000
Spent on own lobbying
…technology Issues related to AI deepfakes S. 5379 - TRAIN Act S. 3813 - CLEAR Act H.R. 8094 - AI Foundation Model Transparency Act Website blocking H.R. 8915 / S. 4591 - NO FAKES Act of 2026 - unauthorized use of AI voice clones and digital replicas S. 4915 - AI Labeling Act of 2026 H.R. 6028 - Legislative Branch Agencies Cla…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP · lobbying firm or registrant: UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Communications/Broadcasting/Radio/TV
$600,000
Spent on own lobbying
…technology Issues related to AI deepfakes S. 5379 - TRAIN Act S. 3813 - CLEAR Act H.R. 8094 - AI Foundation Model Transparency Act Website blocking H.R. 8915 / S. 4591 - NO FAKES Act of 2026 - unauthorized use of AI voice clones and digital replicas S. 4915 - AI Labeling Act of 2026 H.R. 6028 - Legislative Branch Agencies Cla…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP · lobbying firm or registrant: UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Copyright/Patent/Trademark
$600,000
Spent on own lobbying
…N Act S. 3813 - CLEAR Act H.R. 8094 - AI Foundation Model Transparency Act Website blocking RAP Act - First Amendment protection of lyrical content H.R. 8915 / S. 4591 - NO FAKES Act of 2026 - unauthorized use of AI voice clones and digital replicas S. 4915 - AI Labeling Act of 2026 H.R. 6028 - Legislative Branch Agencies Cla…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE ASSOCIATION · lobbying firm or registrant: AVOQ, LLC
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Computer Industry
$50,000
Paid to lobbying firm
Issues related to the video game industry; Issues related to online safety; Issues related to data privacy and use of technology; S. 4591, NO FAKES Act of 2026; Issues related to college sports; S.4668, Protect College Sports Act
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
EBAY INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: AVOQ, LLC
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$60,000
Paid to lobbying firm
Issues related to the technology sector, recommerce, and marketplace issues, including issues related to the US "de minimis" low value customs threshold; S. 4591, NO FAKES Act of 2026
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
DISNEY WORLDWIDE SERVICES INC · lobbying firm or registrant: DISNEY WORLDWIDE SERVICES, INC.
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Copyright/Patent/Trademark
$930,000
Spent on own lobbying
…eneral Copyright and Other IP Issues; International Intellectual Property Issues; Artificial Intelligence Issues; H.R. 791 The Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act; S. 4591 NO FAKES ACT of 2025; H.R. 8915 NO FAKES ACT of 2025; H.R.6028 - Legislative Branch Agencies Clarification Act; H.R. 10575 The Deterring Extraterritorial Forei…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
AMAZON.COM SERVICES, INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: AVOQ, LLC
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Consumer Issues/Safety/Products
$60,000
Paid to lobbying firm
Issues related to platform integrity, protection of users, and kids online safety; Issues related to the American Innovation and Choice Online Act (AICOA); S. 4591, NO FAKES Act of 2026
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE ASSOCIATION · lobbying firm or registrant: ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE ASSOCIATION
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Consumer Issues/Safety/Products
$1,370,000
Spent on own lobbying
…and S.4349 -- Parents over Platforms Act; Monitor and advocate for improvements to H.R. 2657 and S. 4159 -- Sammy's Law; Advocate for improvements to S. 1367, S. 4591, H.R. 8915, and H.R. 2794 -- the Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe Act (NO FAKES Act); Monitor S. 1829 -- Strengthening Transparency a…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE ASSOCIATION · lobbying firm or registrant: ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE ASSOCIATION
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Copyright/Patent/Trademark
$1,370,000
Spent on own lobbying
Monitor and advocate for improvements to S. 1367, S. 4591, H.R. 8915, and H.R. 2794 -- Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe Act (NO FAKES Act); Monitor H.R. 791 - Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act;…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
DIGITAL MEDIA ASSN · lobbying firm or registrant: DIGITAL MEDIA ASSN
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Copyright/Patent/Trademark
$123,051
Spent on own lobbying
…reform of the U.S. Copyright Office, and online streaming) 2. Subscription related issues, including related to negative option rules 3. NO FAKES Act (S. 1367, S. 4591, H.R. 2794, H.R. 8915), PADRA, and general AI related issues 4. Trade issues related to Canada's Online Streaming Act, USMCA, free trade agreements with Latin…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE PLAYERS ASSOCIATION · lobbying firm or registrant: THOLOS GOVERNMENT RELATIONS
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Copyright/Patent/Trademark
$30,000
Paid to lobbying firm
S. 4591 - Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe Act of 2026 (NO FAKES); Issues related to Name, Image and Likeness
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
COMPUTER & COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION · lobbying firm or registrant: ARENTFOX SCHIFF LLP
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Telecommunications
$60,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…M H.R. 8623 and S. 3062 (GUARD Act), regarding tracking microchips and limiting Chinese companies from accessing American Artificial Intelligence H.R. 8915 and S. 4591 (NO FAKES Act of 2026), generally
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
RECORDING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA · lobbying firm or registrant: FIERCE GOVERNMENT RELATIONS
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Copyright/Patent/Trademark
$50,000
Paid to lobbying firm
Artificial intelligence; Bots; Intellectual property protection; Copyright issues; H.R.8915/S.4591 - No FAKES Act of 2026; H.R.9915 - Stealth Bot Prohibition Act.
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
AFL-CIO · lobbying firm or registrant: AFL-CIO
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Science/Technology
$920,000
Spent on own lobbying
…. 8893-Protecting Consumers from Deceptive AI Act People First Chatbot Act The Great American AI Discussion Draft H.R.9125 - Sectoral AI Governance Act of 2026 S.4591 - NO FAKES Act of 2026 Better Jobs Through Evidence and Innovation Act AI and labor law compliance HR 7334 National Commission on Robotics H.R.9438 - SKILL Act…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
VULT SECURITY · lobbying firm or registrant: GRIMES GALVANO, PL
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Computer Industry
$15,000
Paid to lobbying firm
S.4591 No Fakes Act
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INDEPENDENT MUSIC · lobbying firm or registrant: NVG, LLC
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Copyright/Patent/Trademark
$30,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…to federal right of publicity and digital fakes. H.R.9253 - Protect Working Musicians Act of 2026. H.R.861/S.326 - American Music Fairness Act. H.R.2794/S.1367/S.4591 - NO FAKES Act.
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing