119th Congress · introduced in the House · Nov 17, 2025
NDO Fairness Act of 2025
Official title from Congress.gov
Latest action (Sep 14, 2026): Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
View on Congress.govPolicy area: Crime and Law Enforcement
Congressional Research Service summary, version: Introduced in House (Nov 17, 2025)
NDO Fairness Act
This bill increases the requirements the government must meet to obtain a nondisclosure order (NDO) under the Stored Communications Act (SCA).
The SCA generally prohibits providers of remote computing services or electronic communication services (providers) from disclosing stored electronic communications or records (e.g., emails) or information pertaining to customers or subscribers. However, the SCA authorizes the government seek a warrant, order, or subpoena to compel providers to disclose electronic communications or records or information pertaining to customers or subscribers during an investigation. Providers may notify customers and subscribers of the warrant, order, or subpoena unless the government obtains a court order—an NDO—that delays the notification.
This bill raises the standard the government must meet to obtain (or extend) an NDO. The bill also requires the court, before issuing an NDO, to issue a written determination that the standard was met based on specific and articulable facts, and to review the underlying warrant, order, or subpoena.
The bill requires NDOs to be narrowly tailored. It also limits their duration to 90 days for most investigations, though it permits a duration of up to one year for investigations pertaining to an offense involving child pornography or sexual exploitation of children.
Finally, the bill requires the Department of Justice to report annually on data related to NDOs, including the number of customers or subscribers targeted; applications for orders; orders granted, extended, or denied; and orders targeting members of the media or conduct related to certain protected activities.
Includes amendment, cloture, and procedural votes. Each is labeled with its exact question; only a passage question is a vote to pass the bill.
No recorded roll calls on this bill in coverage.
Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. (text: CR H5266-5267)
Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote.
DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 6048.
Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H5266-5268)
Mr. Fitzgerald moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.
Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by Voice Vote.
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Introduced in House
Introduced in House
Actions from Congress.gov, newest first.
Business records · Computers and information technology · Congressional oversight · Consumer affairs · Criminal investigation, prosecution, interrogation · Internet, web applications, social media · Judicial procedure and administration · Right of privacy · Telephone and wireless communication
LD-2 reports whose issue descriptions explicitly cite this bill (bill type and number validated against Congress.gov records). A citation does not establish the client's position or any contact with a member.
Loading lobbying reportsCoverage: reports for 2025 onward, posted Jan 1, 2025 through Oct 23, 2026.
29 citations; showing the 25 most recently posted.
BUSINESS SOFTWARE ALLIANCE · lobbying firm or registrant: BUSINESS SOFTWARE ALLIANCE
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 23, 2026 · issue area: Law Enforcement/Crime/Criminal Justice
$430,000
Spent on own lobbying
Domestic law enforcement access to digital evidence generally, S. 3663/H.R. 6048 NDO Fairness Act of 2026
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
PROJECT FOR PRIVACY AND SURVEILLANCE ACCOUNTABILITY, INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: SCHAERR JAFFE LLP
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 21, 2026 · issue area: Civil Rights/Civil Liberties
$40,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…ial Recognition issues Automated license plate reader issues Data broker issues Encryption issues (including issues related to the CLOUD Act) NDO Fairness Act (H.R. 6048, S. 3663) SAFE Act (S.3893) Government Surveillance Reform Act (S.4802) Protect Liberty and End Warrantless Surveillance Act (H.R.7816) Subpoena Abuse Preventi…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
APPLE INC · lobbying firm or registrant: APPLE INC.
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 21, 2026 · issue area: Law Enforcement/Crime/Criminal Justice
$3,090,000
Spent on own lobbying
Issues related to encryption and cybersecurity, including operation of the CLOUD Act Issues related to privacy rights, transparency, and H.R. 6048 the NDO Fairness Act
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
META PLATFORMS, INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES · lobbying firm or registrant: META PLATFORMS, INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Computer Industry
$5,880,000
Spent on own lobbying
…Act; H.R. 5360, AI Warnings And Resources for Education (AWARE) Act; H.R. 5764, AI for Main Street Act; H.R. 5967, Strategic Task Force on Scam Prevention Act; H.R. 6048, NDO Fairness Act; H.R. 6253, Algorithmic Transparency and Choice Act; H.R. 6257, Safe Messaging for Kids Act of 2025; H.R. 6259, No Fentanyl on Social Media A…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
INTERNET WORKS · lobbying firm or registrant: INTERNET WORKS
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Computer Industry
$48,375
Spent on own lobbying
…ct, Personalized Pricing Policy Statement (Docket No. FTC-2026-1057), S. 4746 - American Innovation and Choice Online Act, S. 5090 - Digital Age Assurance Act, H.R. 6048 - NDO Fairness Act, H.R. 10152 - Open-Source AI Leadership Act, Protecting Against National Security Threats to the Communications Supply Chain through the Equ…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
REFORM GOVERNMENT SURVEILLANCE · lobbying firm or registrant: MONUMENT ADVOCACY
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Intelligence
$140,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…rency, privacy, encryption, data localization, cross-border data reform and policies, and government surveillance reform; issues related to NDO Fairness Act is HR 6048 and S 3663, and the Cloud Act.
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number matches Congress.gov records and the bill predates the report; no title was cited with it. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
REFORM GOVERNMENT SURVEILLANCE · lobbying firm or registrant: MONUMENT ADVOCACY
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Government Issues
$140,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…rency, privacy, encryption, data localization, cross-border data reform and policies, and government surveillance reform; issues related to NDO Fairness Act is HR 6048 and S 3663, and the Cloud Act.
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number matches Congress.gov records and the bill predates the report; no title was cited with it. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
REFORM GOVERNMENT SURVEILLANCE · lobbying firm or registrant: MONUMENT ADVOCACY
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Law Enforcement/Crime/Criminal Justice
$140,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…rency, privacy, encryption, data localization, cross-border data reform and policies, and government surveillance reform; issues related to NDO Fairness Act is HR 6048 and S 3663, and the Cloud Act
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number matches Congress.gov records and the bill predates the report; no title was cited with it. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
MICROSOFT CORPORATION · lobbying firm or registrant: AKIN GUMP STRAUSS HAUER & FELD
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Civil Rights/Civil Liberties
$50,000
Paid to lobbying firm
Issues related to H.R. 6048/S. 3663 - NDO Fairness Act of 2026; Issues related to H.R. 7786/S. 3982 - AI Fraud Accountability Act.
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
MICROSOFT CORPORATION · lobbying firm or registrant: TIBER CREEK GROUP
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 20, 2026 · issue area: Law Enforcement/Crime/Criminal Justice
$90,000
Paid to lobbying firm
Issues related to H.R. 6048/S. 3663 - NDO Fairness Act of 2026; Issues related to H.R. 7786/S. 3982 - AI Fraud Accountability Act of 2026; Issues related to S. 1748 - Kids Online Safety A…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
PROJECT FOR PRIVACY AND SURVEILLANCE ACCOUNTABILITY, INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: GOODLATTE GROUP, LLC F.K.A. ROBERT GOODLATTE
2026 Q3 report (Jul 1, 2026 – Sep 30, 2026) · posted Oct 19, 2026 · issue area: Civil Rights/Civil Liberties
$50,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…ial recognition issues Automated license plate reader issues Data broker issues Encryption issues (including issues related to the CLOUD Act) NDO Fairness Act (H.R.6048, S.3663) SAFE Act (S.3893) Government Surveillance Reform Act (S.4802) Protect Liberty and End Warrantless Surveillance Act (H.R.7816) Subpoena Abuse Preventio…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
BUSINESS SOFTWARE ALLIANCE · lobbying firm or registrant: BUSINESS SOFTWARE ALLIANCE
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 20, 2026 · issue area: Law Enforcement/Crime/Criminal Justice
$320,000
Spent on own lobbying
Domestic law enforcement access to digital evidence generally, S. 3663/H.R. 6048 NDO Fairness Act of 2026
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
META PLATFORMS, INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES · lobbying firm or registrant: META PLATFORMS, INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 20, 2026 · issue area: Computer Industry
$5,990,000
Spent on own lobbying
…us Exposure on the Net (SCREEN) Act; H.R. 6257, Safe Messaging for Kids Act of 2025; H.R. 6333, Parents Over Platforms Act; S. 4349 Parents Over Platforms Act; H.R. 6048, NDO Fairness Act; Issues related to the Communications, Video, and Technology Accessibility (CVTA) Act; H.R. 6265, Safer Guarding of Adolescents from Maliciou…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
PROJECT FOR PRIVACY AND SURVEILLANCE ACCOUNTABILITY, INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: SCHAERR JAFFE LLP
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 20, 2026 · issue area: Civil Rights/Civil Liberties
$120,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…including Section 702 Government surveillance reform Facial Recognition issues Encryption issues (including issues related to the CLOUD Act) NDO Fairness Act (H.R. 6048, S. 3663) SAFE Act (S.3893) Government Surveillance Reform Act (S.4802) Protect Liberty and End Warrantless Surveillance Act of 2026 (H.R.7816) FISA reauthoriz…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
REFORM GOVERNMENT SURVEILLANCE · lobbying firm or registrant: MONUMENT ADVOCACY
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 20, 2026 · issue area: Intelligence
$140,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…rency, privacy, encryption, data localization, cross-border data reform and policies, and government surveillance reform; issues related to NDO Fairness Act is HR 6048 and S 3663.
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number matches Congress.gov records and the bill predates the report; no title was cited with it. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
REFORM GOVERNMENT SURVEILLANCE · lobbying firm or registrant: MONUMENT ADVOCACY
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 20, 2026 · issue area: Government Issues
$140,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…rency, privacy, encryption, data localization, cross-border data reform and policies, and government surveillance reform; issues related to NDO Fairness Act is HR 6048 and S 3663
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number matches Congress.gov records and the bill predates the report; no title was cited with it. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
REFORM GOVERNMENT SURVEILLANCE · lobbying firm or registrant: MONUMENT ADVOCACY
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 20, 2026 · issue area: Law Enforcement/Crime/Criminal Justice
$140,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…rency, privacy, encryption, data localization, cross-border data reform and policies, and government surveillance reform; issues related to NDO Fairness Act is HR 6048 and S 3663
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number matches Congress.gov records and the bill predates the report; no title was cited with it. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
MICROSOFT CORPORATION · lobbying firm or registrant: AKIN GUMP STRAUSS HAUER & FELD
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 20, 2026 · issue area: Civil Rights/Civil Liberties
$50,000
Paid to lobbying firm
Issues related to H.R. 6048/S. 3663 - NDO Fairness Act of 2026; Issues related to H.R. 7786/S. 3982 - AI Fraud Accountability Act.
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
MICROSOFT CORPORATION · lobbying firm or registrant: TIBER CREEK GROUP
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 19, 2026 · issue area: Law Enforcement/Crime/Criminal Justice
$90,000
Paid to lobbying firm
Issues related to H.R. 6048/S. 3663 - NDO Fairness Act of 2026; Issues related to H.R. 7786/S. 3982 - AI Fraud Accountability Act of 2026; Issues related to S. 1748 - Kids Online Safety A…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
PROJECT FOR PRIVACY AND SURVEILLANCE ACCOUNTABILITY, INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: GOODLATTE GROUP, LLC F.K.A. ROBERT GOODLATTE
2026 Q2 report (Apr 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2026) · posted Jul 14, 2026 · issue area: Civil Rights/Civil Liberties
$50,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…including Section 702 Government surveillance reform Facial Recognition issues Encryption issues (including issues related to the CLOUD Act) NDO Fairness Act (H.R.6048, S.3663) SAFE Act (S.3893) Government Surveillance Reform Act (S.4802) Protect Liberty and End Warrantless Surveillance Act of 2026 (H.R.7816) FISA reauthoriza…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
META PLATFORMS, INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES · lobbying firm or registrant: META PLATFORMS, INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES
2026 Q1 report (Jan 1, 2026 – Mar 31, 2026) · posted Apr 20, 2026 · issue area: Computer Industry
$7,080,000
Spent on own lobbying
…ding Children's Retinas from Egregious Exposure on the Net (SCREEN) Act; H.R. 6257, Safe Messaging for Kids Act of 2025; H.R. 6333, Parents Over Platforms Act; H.R. 6048, NDO Fairness Act; Issues related to the Communications, Video, and Technology Accessibility (CVTA) Act; H.R. 6265, Safer Guarding of Adolescents from Maliciou…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
PROJECT FOR PRIVACY AND SURVEILLANCE ACCOUNTABILITY, INC. · lobbying firm or registrant: SCHAERR JAFFE LLP
2026 Q1 report (Jan 1, 2026 – Mar 31, 2026) · posted Apr 20, 2026 · issue area: Civil Rights/Civil Liberties
$70,000
Paid to lobbying firm
…government surveillance) National Defense Authorization Act (S.2296, H.R.3838, provisions related to government surveillance and encryption) NDO Fairness Act (H.R.6048, S.3663) SAFE Act (S.3893) Government Surveillance Reform Act (S.4802) Protect Liberty and End Warrantless Surveillance Act of 2026 (H.R.7816) FISA reauthoriza…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
BUSINESS SOFTWARE ALLIANCE · lobbying firm or registrant: BUSINESS SOFTWARE ALLIANCE
2026 Q1 report (Jan 1, 2026 – Mar 31, 2026) · posted Apr 20, 2026 · issue area: Law Enforcement/Crime/Criminal Justice
$470,000
Spent on own lobbying
Domestic law enforcement access to digital evidence generally, S. 3663/H.R. 6048 NDO Fairness Act of 2026
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION · lobbying firm or registrant: ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION
2026 Q1 report (Jan 1, 2026 – Mar 31, 2026) · posted Apr 20, 2026 · issue area: Constitution
$30,000
Spent on own lobbying
S. 1409 Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA), all H.R. 6048 NDO Fairness Act S.278 - Kids Off Social Media Act, Title I (Kids Off Social Media Act) and Title II (Eyes on the Board Act) S. 836 Children and Teens Online P…
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing
MICROSOFT CORPORATION · lobbying firm or registrant: AKIN GUMP STRAUSS HAUER & FELD
2026 Q1 report (Jan 1, 2026 – Mar 31, 2026) · posted Apr 20, 2026 · issue area: Civil Rights/Civil Liberties
$50,000
Paid to lobbying firm
Issues related to H.R. 6048/S. 3663 - NDO Fairness Act of 2026; Issues related to H.R. 7786/S. 3982 - AI Fraud Accountability Act.
Congress inferred from the report year; bill number and the title cited with it match Congress.gov records, and the bill predates the report. The amount is lobbying spending for every issue on this report, not this bill alone, and none of it is paid to any member of Congress. View filing